Technical Universities vs. Universities Of Applied Sciences - What Are TUs vs. FHs In Germany? 

Are you planning to study in Germany? Have you been skimming through different websites but can’t understand what a TU (Technical University) and FH (University of Applied Sciences) are? Then, stop whatever you are doing and read our blog till the end to find the answer to all your questions.  

This post aims to help you understand the main difference between a TU and an FH and also to help you make an informed decision that will align with your long-term career goals.  

Germany has become the top choice for students seeking to study abroad. The rise in this number is due to Germany’s world-class universities, advanced research facilities, futuristic opportunities, and most importantly, affordability. You can also explore our guide on Public Universities vs Private Universities in Germany to better understand the system.

Students often wonder which type of university to choose to study in Germany. This is because Germany offers a variety of universities to choose from, based on your personal preferences and career goals.

The most common types of universities in Germany are Technical University (TU) and Fachhochschulen (FH). Understanding the difference between these two is essential to making a decision.  Without further ado, let’s dive in directly and understand what kind of universities TU and FH are, the main difference between them, and most importantly, which is the best for you!

Technical Universities (TU) In Germany 

Technical universities originated in Germany around the 18th Century. The focus of these universities is on Science, Engineering, and technology-related disciplines.  A Technical University in Germany offers a wide range of programs to students at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels. These universities place significant emphasis on theoretical knowledge, research, and high academic standards.

Students of these universities are encouraged to participate in research-based projects and publish their research in reputable journals. Students are also encouraged to collaborate with faculty members in groundbreaking research and projects. 

The most reputable Technical Universities in Germany are the Technical University of Munich, RWTH Aachen University, and the Technical University of Berlin. These universities offer advanced facilities, expert faculty, and strong ties to global industries.  

Choosing to study at a Technical University in Germany can help a student build a solid academic foundation. Students can benefit from the resources and opportunities available in these universities and build a solid educational background and career. 

Fachhochschulen (FH) in Germany 

Fachhochschulen (FHs) are higher education institutions in Germany specializing in applied sciences and practical learning. Most of these universities were established in the late 1960s and the early 1970s with the sole objective of bridging the gap between the academic and professional worlds. 

FH universities offer a wide range of academic programs, primarily to students at the bachelor’s and master’s levels. These institutes focus on hands-on learning, practical knowledge, applied science, and its real-world applications, and collaborations with the natural world to provide students with work experience.

At FHs, students are trained to apply practical knowledge and skills directly to their chosen profession. These universities collaborate with local industries to provide students with work opportunities and internships, helping them gain valuable, practical, real-world experience before graduation.  

Some of Germany’s highest-ranking FH universities include Munich University of Applied Sciences, Cologne University of Applied Sciences, and Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences. These universities provide comprehensive education based on theoretical concepts and real-world knowledge to produce well-rounded graduates.

By choosing to study at an FH university, a student will gain practical skills and knowledge, as well as valuable work experience.  If you’re still exploring German education options, you can also read Is German Necessary to Study in Germany?

Difference Between Technical University (TU) and University of Applied Sciences (FH) in Germany

Before choosing where to study in Germany, it’s essential to understand the differences between Technical Universities (TU) and Universities of Applied Sciences (FH) in terms of focus, approach, and opportunities. The table below explains each point clearly to help you make an informed choice.

In Summary

• TU = Research and theory-oriented, great for students aiming for higher studies or academic careers.
• FH = Practical and career-oriented,  perfect for those who want to enter the job market quickly with hands-on experience.

Admissions and Entry Requirements for TU and FH

The admission process is an important step before applying to any university in Germany. Both Technical Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences follow criteria that reflect their academic and practical focus. While TUs emphasize academic excellence and research backgrounds, FHs emphasize practical experience and applied learning skills.

Technical University (TU)

Requires a background in outstanding academic performance and proficiency in either German or English. At certain prestigious TUs, competitive programs may require a motivation letter, entrance exams, or GRE results. High grades and research experience bolster your application profile.

University of Applied Sciences (FH)

Admits students with more lenient requirements, emphasizing internships, real-world experience, or a portfolio (for design-related areas). While practical experience and occupational skills are highly prized, academic performance remains vital. International applicants should consult the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for special prerequisites and use Uni-Assist to confirm qualification recognition. 

You can also check Germany’s Top 5 Scholarships – Your Guide to a Feasible German Education for funding options.

Career Prospects After TU and FH

Technical University (TU) graduates frequently go on to work in science, engineering, and information technology (IT)-related industries in research, academic, or R&D capacities.  According to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), these universities are focused on science and research and provide doctoral study programs.

University of Applied Sciences (HAW/FH) graduates, on the other hand, are prepared for practical, industry-focused occupations. Students can more easily obtain employment shortly after graduation thanks to their solid business relationships and emphasis on applied learning. 

Tuition Fees and Cost of Study

Most public universities and universities of applied sciences (TU and FH) in Germany do not charge tuition fees, even for international students. You only pay a semester contribution of about €150–€350, which covers administration and transport.

Top public universities like TUM, RWTH Aachen, and the University of Stuttgart offer high-quality education at minimal cost. However, private institutions may charge between €3,000 and €20,000 per year, and in Baden-Württemberg, non-EU students pay around €1,500 per semester.

For financial support, students can check DAAD and Study in Germany for the latest information on scholarships and funding options. You can also see Scholarships and Grants for Indian Students.

Points To Keep In Mind Before Choosing A TU Or FH 

Choosing between a TU and FH is an important decision; that is why you must keep the following factors in mind before making your decision: 

1. Reflect on your long-term goals and ensure they align with TU and FH’s offerings. If your goal is to establish a career in research or academics, then choose TU. But if you aim to acquire a job in a field where you can use practical knowledge, then FH is the best-suited option for you. 

2. Make your decision based on your learning style and preferences. Before you decide, consider TU and FH’s teaching methodologies. If you prefer a research-based, theoretical approach to study, TU is the right choice. But if you prefer applied knowledge and practical learning methods, FH is the right choice.  

3. Both TU and FH offer students several work and internship opportunities, but the nature of these opportunities differs. Please check industry connections and evaluate them based on your career goals. 

4. Funding opportunities may vary depending on the programs you choose. Make sure you research the scholarship and funding options before you decide between TU and FH.  

Funding opportunities may vary depending on the programs you choose. Make sure you research the scholarship and funding options before you decide between TU and FH. You can also read Accommodation Options in Germany for International Students to plan your stay.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which is the best University of Applied Sciences in Germany?

Munich University of Applied Sciences, Cologne University of Applied Sciences, and Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences are among Germany’s best universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen). These institutions are known for their strong industry connections, practical learning approach, and high graduate employability.

2. What is the difference between a deemed university and a university?

A university is a public or state-recognized institution that grants degrees under government accreditation. A deemed university (mainly used in India) is an institution granted university status by the government for meeting certain academic and research standards. In Germany, all higher education institutions are state-recognized universities, but this does not ensure consistent quality or global recognition.  You can also read Does University Ranking Really Matter?

3. What are the four types of universities in Germany?

Germany has four main types of higher education institutions:

1. Universities (Universitäten / TUs) are Research-oriented institutions offering PhD programs.
2. Universities of Applied Sciences (HAW/FH) are focused on practical learning and industry application.
3. Colleges of Art, Film, and Music  Specialize in creative and fine arts.
4. Cooperative State Universities (Duale Hochschulen) combine academic study with practical work experience.

4. Is it hard to get into Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences?

Although tough, admission to Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (Frankfurt UAS) is attainable. In addition to meeting academic standards, applicants must be proficient in the language (often English for international programs or German at the B2 level) and submit all required paperwork by the due dates. Strong academic and practical profiles improve your chances of being accepted, while acceptance rates vary by program.

5. Which course is most in demand in Germany?

Germany has a high demand for recent graduates with degrees in computer science, engineering, data analytics, renewable energy, business administration, and healthcare management. Employers and overseas students are still drawn to technical and IT-related sectors, particularly in artificial intelligence and automotive engineering.